UTD GeoScienceStudio

In August 2020, the town of Sparta, North Carolina experienced a magnitude 5.1 earthquake, the largest earthquake seen in the area since 1916. This region is nowhere near a plate boundary where we see the most earthquakes. So why does this area get earthquakes despite being so far away from these boundaries? To find out we go back in time hundreds of millions of years ago when continents were colliding. Our website: https://utdgss2016.wixsite.com/utdgss Twitter: https://twitter.com/utdgss2016 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/utd_geosciencestudio/ Credits Edited by Zach Clowdus Written by RJ Stern & Zach Clowdus References Hatcher, R. D. Jr. (1987). Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 15, 337–362 Hatcher, R. D. Jr. (1987). Tectonics of the southern and central Appalachian internides. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 15, 337-362 Usgs.gov Music – “Dude, Where’s My Horse” by Nat Keefe with The Bow Ties Earthquake map – usgs.gov Plate Tectonic Globe – Paleogeographic maps by C.R. Scotese, visualization developed by Ian Webster https://dinosaurpictures.org/ancient-earth#300 Cross Section Modification from https://gotbooks.miracosta.edu/geology/regions/blue_ridge.html Image - Blue Ridge Mountains Deep Gap overlook on the Blue Ridge Parkway in western North Carolina via Wikimedia Commons Fault Mechanism Solutions and Fault Block diagrams modified from usgs.govhttps://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3446 Google Maps Sounds: “Thunder” by straget via freesound.org “Rope being swing” by ChaleneZ via freesound.org “Rocks Sliding” by yatoimtop via freesound.org #geonews

Can seismic waves tell us how well a University has responded to the Coronavirus lockdown? Learn about the constant vibrations that humans make everyday that scientists call seismic noise. #UTD GSS #GEONEWS We would also like to thank Thomas Lecocq of the Royal Observatory of Belgium for providing the software to make these graphs Link to the software - SeismoRMS - A simple python/jupyter notebook package for studying seismic noise changes Lecocq, Thomas; Massin, Frédérick; Satriano, Claudio; Vanstone, Mark; Megies, Tobias https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3820045 Thanks to Stephen Arrowsmith and his students for putting together these plots of the DFW area Written By: Zach Clowdus & R.J. Stern Presented By: Ali Sealander Credits: ObsPy - https://github.com/obspy/obspy/wiki TexNet - https://www.beg.utexas.edu/texnet-cisr/texnet Image Credits: Graph Paper - TheDigitalArtist from Pixabay Field - VisionPic.net from Pexels Seismometer - TexNet CISR / utexas.edu Sky - Ithalu Dominguez from Pexels Smiling Woman - mentatdgt from Pexels Video Credits Seismograph - NOVA Earthquake Documentary Traffic - Mike from Pexels Running Man - Taryn Elliot from Pexels Bridge - Tom Fisk from Pexels Neighborhood - Produtora Midtrack from Pexels

In the early morning of May 15, 2020, a magnitude 6.5 earthquake shook Nevada awake. The largest since 1954! This quake occurred in a fascinating seismically active area called The Walker Lane. Learn about this and the Mina deflection from the geologists at UT Dallas’ GeoScience Studio - Special thanks to our scientific advisors for this episode – Dr. Nick Mueller and Dr. Scott Kerstetter for their invaluable information on the Mina deflection and the surrounding area and thanks to Dr.Timothy Dixon and Taha Chorsi for their work with the interferometry figures used in this episode Written By – R.J. Stern, Ning Wang, Zach Clowdus, Scott Kerstetter, Nick Mueller Presentation and Narration – Ali Sealander Video Editing – Zach Clowdus Opening Title Animation – Alayna Wilson References and Papers for the nerds! Kerstetter, S. R., 2018. Late Oligocene to Early Miocene North-South Extension in the Western Great Basin (Doctoral dissertation, U TX Dallas). Link to Kerstetter dissertation: https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6253/ETD-5608-014-KERSTETTER-8517.09.pdf?sequence=5 Mueller, N. J., 2019. Pliocene Kinematic Reorganization, Fault Geometry, Basin Evolution, and Displacement Budget Along the Furnace Creek–Fish Lake Valley Fault Zone, Eastern California and Western Nevada (Doctoral dissertation, U TX Dallas). Link to Mueller dissertation: https://utd-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/10735.1/6883/ETD-5608-014-MUELLER-260174.63.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y “Splitting North America – The Walker Lane – Part 1 – The Tectonics” https://volcanohotspot.wordpress.com/2018/09/21/splitting-north-america-the-walker-lane-part-1-the-tectonics/ Carlson, C.W.; Pluhar, C.J.; Glen, J.M.G., and Farner, M.J. 2013. Kinematics of the west-central Walker Lane: Spatially and temporally variable rotations evident in the Late Miocene Stanislaus Group. Geosphere; 9 (6): 1530–1551. Ryall, A., and Priestley, K., 1975, Seismicity, secular strain, and maximum magnitude in the Excelsior Mountains area, western Nevada and eastern California, Geological Society of America Bulletin v. 86, no. 11, 1585-1592. Albers, J. P., and Stewart, J.H., 1965. Preliminary Geologic Map of Esmeralda County, Nevada. USGS Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-298 https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_2718.htm Additional Credits Sounds Radar – By Eschwabe3 from Freesound.org (https://freesound.org/s/459838/) Heavy Thunder – By BlueDelta from Freesound.org (https://freesound.org/s/446753/) Rock Scrape – By Benboncan from Freesound.org (https://freesound.org/s/74442/) Slot machine – By JoannaLuna from Freesound.org (https://freesound.org/s/448842/) Images Las Vegas sign - Thomas Wolf, www.foto-tw.de Gold – Photo by Getty Emigrant Peak Fault and other field images – Scott Kerstetter & Nick Mueller Fault Map – MyHAZARDS – Nevada from gisweb.unr.edu/MyHAZARDS/ Group of miners - Unknown author / Public domain from commons.wikimedia.org Desert Mountains – By Rana Obaid from Pexels.com Interferogram and Displacement Map – Timothy Dixon & Taha Chorsi By VisionPic.net from Pexels Nevada Mountains – Sydnet Martinez/TravelNevada from flickr.com (https://www.flickr.com/photos/travelnevada/16685527363/in/photostream/) Earthquake Aftershocks – earthquake.usgs.gov Image of Satellite – ESA/ATG medialab (https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2014/01/Sentinel-1_radar_vision) Image of Silver Mineral - https://geologyscience.com/minerals/silver/ Videos Compass – By Miguel A. Padrinan from Pexels.com Maps made with google.com/maps

A recent article published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that explores the Himalayan foreland basin and the faults buried underneath it. Although the faults are thought to slip only once every thousand years, this research helps us to better understand the seismic risk in this densely populated area. Article Title: Active strike-slip faults and an outer frontal thrust in the Himalayan foreland basin Authors: Michael J. Duvall, John W.F. Waldron, Laurent Godin, and Yani Najman Abstract from paper: "The Himalayan foreland basin formed by flexure of the Indian Plate below the advancing orogen. Motion on major thrusts within the orogen has resulted in damaging historical seismicity, whereas south of the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), the foreland basin is typically portrayed as undeformed. Using two-dimensional seismic reflection data from eastern Nepal, we present evidence of recent deformation propagating more than 37 km south of the MFT. A system of tear faults at a high angle to the orogen is spatially localized above the Munger-Saharsa basement ridge. A blind thrust fault is interpreted in the subsurface, above the sub-Cenozoic unconformity, bounded by two tear faults. Deformation zones beneath the Bhadrapur topographic high record an incipient tectonic wedge or triangle zone. The faults record the subsurface propagation of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) into the foreland basin as an outer frontal thrust, and provide a modern snapshot of the development of tectonic wedges and lateral discontinuities preserved in higher thrust sheets of the Himalaya, and in ancient orogens elsewhere. We estimate a cumulative slip of ∼100 m, accumulated in less than 0.5 Ma, over a minimum slipped area of ∼780 km2. These observations demonstrate that Himalayan ruptures may pass under the present-day trace of the MFT as blind faults inaccessible to trenching, and that paleoseismic studies may underestimate Holocene convergence." ______________________________ Special Thanks The Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for the funding through their Discovery Grants John Clayburn and Cairn Energy for their contributions to the project Schlumberger for donating the Petrel software license to the University of Alberta. The software assisted with data analysis in this project. All of our field guides as well as Alison Martin for her field work assistance _______________________________ Credits Footage of Nepal Earthquake - Amateur video via BBC News Nepal earthquake photo courtesty SIM Central and South East Asia via Flickr Music - "Divine Life Society" by Jesse Gallagher Ancient Earth Globe animation - Paleogeographic maps by C.R. Scotese, visualizations developed by Ian Webster _________________________________ Video created by The University of Texas' Geoscience Studio

Learn about the 2020 Eruption of the Taal Volcano from the geologists at UT Dallas' Geoscience Studio #GeoNews #UTDGSS Presented By: Alessandra Sealander Filmed Edited By: Zachary Clowdus Written By: Dr. Robert Stern Check out our channel for more videos on geoscientific topics and follow the link to our webiste to learn more about UTD's Geoscience Studios. Website: https://utdgss2016.wixsite.com/utdgss References / Images https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/15/world/asia/taal-volcano-philippines.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Taal_Volcano_eruption#/media/File:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A8_2020._%D7%96%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A1_%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9D.jpg https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/in-photos-volcano-eruption-in-philippines/ss-BBYSXda?fullscreen=true#image=26 https://www.wilderutopia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Mauna-Kea-Volcano.jpg https://imgur.com/gallery/AJZohmd https://cosmosmagazine.com/geoscience/mt-etna-at-risk-of-catastrophic-collapse https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/15/asia/philippines-taal-volcano-animals-shelters-intl-hnk/index.html https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/281043/cebu-safe-from-hazardous-effects-of-taal-eruption https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/92000/92630/HISEAS_pho_2015_March10_web.lrg.jpg https://imgur.com/gallery/AJZohmd https://cosmosmagazine.com/geoscience/mt-etna-at-risk-of-catastrophic-collapse https://www.metabunk.org/threads/taal-volcano-eruption-2020.11067/ https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/in-photos-volcano-eruption-in-philippines/ss-BBYSXda?fullscreen=true#image=7 https://www.darientimes.com/news/science/article/Lava-gushes-from-Philippine-volcano-as-ash-14970102.php https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/01/14/pictures-day-14-january-2020/plume-asherupts-taal-volcano-philippinessituated-island-middle/?WT.mc_id=tmg_share_em https://www.ft.com/content/0bd75c62-35d8-11ea-a6d3-9a26f8c3cba4 https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146142/sulfur-spews-from-taal Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program Google Maps Google Earth

Learn about the magnitude 6.5 earthquake that struck Idaho on March 31, 2020 from UT Dallas' GeoScience Studios. This was the highest magnitude earthquake that Idaho has seen in over 35 years! #UTDGeoNews #UTDGSS #earthquake #Idaho Website: https://utdgss2016.wixsite.com/utdgss Written By - R.J. Stern Presented By - Ali Sealander Editing - Zachary Clowdus Credits Idahogeology.org Borah Earthquake Images: Earthuake.usgs.gov Rockslide Image: Tyler Beyer via AP California – road damage: Ken Hudnut, USGS Compass Video: Miguel A. Padrinan via Pexels.com Image: Hoang Le Pixabay.com Challis Image: Pitamakan at English Wikipedia. - Transferred to Commons by Jalo using CommonsHelper https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15464583 Stanley Image: Sam Beebe / CC BY (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0) Focal Mechanisms Figure: Mikenorton / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Sawtooth Valley Image: Acroterion / CC BY-SA (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0) Sounds: Users Metzik and InspectorJ (freesound.org) Music: Cats Searching for the Truth by Nat Keefe & Hot Buttered Rum References Idaho, Challis, Stanley (Wikipedia) Digital Atlas of Idaho https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/ Digital Geology of Idaho http://geology.isu.edu/Digital_Geology_Idaho/ Idaho Statesman article: https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/community/boise/article241668106.html Idaho State Journal article: https://www.idahostatejournal.com/members/march-s-idaho-earthquake-remains-mysterious-amid-abundance-of-its-aftershocks/article_897a06e6-d440-58a0-973e-7c5164f29b41.html Historical earthquakes in Idaho https://www.idahogeology.org/historical-earthquakes-idaho NBC Montana Temblor.net https://temblor.net/earthquake-insights/magnitude-6-5-quake-strikes-idaho-10775/?fbclid=IwAR3HmdwhOpNADyTTdCUKxHntuwliiIF1Oy4S_GqWxPVBFvn1RuDUaT5lge4 USGS Earthquake Hazards Program https://earthquake.usgs.gov/ Washington PostIdaho was struck by a 6.5-magnitude earthquake on Tuesday. This scientist saw it coming. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/04/01/idaho-earthquake/ Earthquake.usgs.gov Google earth Special thanks to Mike Stickney, Montana Technological U.

Take 4 minutes to learn about the magnitude 7.4 earthquake that shook Mexico at 10:30 a.m. on June 23, 2020. The earthquake occurred near the coast of Oaxaca, in southern Mexico, at a convergent plate boundary in what geoscientists call the seismogenic zone. This is where the largest earthquakes in history have occured. Learn about subduction, seismogenic zones, and how compressive forces created this potentially dangerous quake. Both English and Spanish closed captioning are offered. Credits Written By – R.J. Stern & Zach Clowdus Presented By – Ali Sealander Edited By – Zach Clowdus Thank you to María Daniela Muñoz-Granados for providing the Spanish closed captioning for this video References Earthquake Data and Fault Map – Usgs.gov Ferrari, Luca et al. “The Dynamic History of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Mexico Subduction Zone.” Tectonophysics 522-523 (2012): 122–149. Web. Wikipedia.org Credits for Images and Sounds Used Relief Map (Background) – ngdc.noaa.gov http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html Mixtec Dancers – Thomas Aleto via Flickr.com https://www.flickr.com/photos/ilhuicamina/393242146 Zapotec Dancers – LauraLoveland.blogspot.com https://lauraaloveland.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-zapotec-indigenous-people-of-mexico.html Oaxaca Landscape – commons.wikimedia.org https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bosque_Comaltepec.JPG https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oaxaqa_(41).jpg https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BeachWestPuntaCometa.JPG Earthquake Damage – Stringer / Reuters https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/mexico-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-90-oaxaca-reports-more-victims-n800071 Earthquake Damage – Luis Alberto Cruz Hernandez / Associated Press https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/23/world/mexico-earthquake.html https://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/ny-powerful-earthquake-shakes-oaxaca-mexico-killing-at-least-one-20200623-5mnnzyk6tjhhpegeyuvrwqg3me-story.html Focal Mechansism – commons.wikimedia.org https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Focal_mechanism_03.jpg Beachball Hit – User Eelke via Freesound.org https://freesound.org/people/Eelke/sounds/172607/ Main Theme - "Amazement" by Freedtom Trail Studio

1mins23sec got a mistaken spelling. The word should be 'Hydrated', not 'Hyrated'. Thanks to Dr. Richard W. Carlson from Carnegie Institution for Science. #GeoNews #UTDGSS One of the Asian most active volcanoes, Mount Sinabung, exploded on Feb 19, and created a 5 kilometers volcanic ash plume into the air. But, why is the explosion so violent? It is because the Mont Sinabung locates at the Indo-Australian and Eurasian convergent plate margin. The thinner and denser oceanic part of indo-Australian plate goes underneath the thicker and less dense Eurasian continental plate. The process known as "subduction" in Geology. The crustal portion of the subducting Indo-Australian slab contains a significant amount of seawater, as well as water contained in hydrated minerals within the seafloor basalt. As the subducting slab descends to greater and greater depths, it progressively encounters greater temperatures and greater pressures, which cause the slab to release water into the mantle wedge underneath the Eurasian plate. Water has the effect of lowering the melting temperature of the mantle, thus causing it to melt. Because of the high pressure at the mantle, the magma dissolves plenty of volatiles (mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide). As magma beneath the current Mont Sinabung region rose up towards the surface and the pressure decreases, the volatiles came out of solution and formed bubbles in the magma, just like what happens when you open a shaken soda can. Moreover, because magmas produced by this mechanism are often more silica-rich than magmas of other tectonic settings, the bubbles in the magma cannot easily escape. They must explode their way out of the mag creating huge ash clouds. Behold the UTD GEONEWS Please! UTD Geoscience Studio Product. https://utdgss2016.wixsite.com/utdgss Citations and Sources: Stern RJ and Lieu W., 2017. Plate Tectonics Basics 1. A New Animation of Subduction Processes for Teaching Undergraduates. Video Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6wJBOk9xjto&index=27&list=PLzpHDPjNs-iHh5-Z6cayCDVDXEVC5Yaxj Vaughn L and Stern RJ, 2017. Magma is not always liquid!! Three Methods to Melt Magma @ UTD GSS, source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqWVXRtcSiA Lieu W. from UTD GMTL - Subduction Concept Image (1:53s – 2:17s) (Article in Press). Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources - Indonesia Ministry Records Google Earth Pro Sinabung Eruption 2017/2018 Records From Youtube Hawaii’s Kilauea Volcano Records 2017 Feb 23-25 by Eppixadventures.com via Storyful (Direct Sources from WSJ) Shutterstock Images Google Images Gorsel J.T.V., 2016. Bibliography of the geology of Indonesia and surrounding areas: I. Regional Geology. Herman D, Hasan SF, 2000. An outline of the geology of Indonesia: Indonesia Association of Geologists. 2016 NGDC World Coast Line data: Global Tectonics EPIC Mentos and Coke - The Slow Mo Guys from Youtube