All about lithium #materials #next generation

We are going to be seeing more and more electric cars on the road in the next decade which means we will need a lot more lithium batteries. Are we at risk of running out of lithium? Credits Host: Ali Sealander Video Editor / Writer: Zach Clowdus Writer: Zach Clowdus This video was made with the support of AAPG! Thanks!

References / Further Reading

Bowell, Robert J; Lagos, Laura; de los Hoyos, Camilo R.; Declercq, Julien. (2020) Classification and Characteristics of Natural Lithium Resources. Elements 16: 259-264. DOI: 10.2138/gselements.16.4.259 Bibienne, Thomas et al. (2020). From Mine to Mind and Mobiles: Society’s Increasing Dependence on Lithium. Elements 16: 265-270. DOI: 10.2138/gselements.16.4.265 Gruber, Paul W. et al. (2011) Global lithium availability: A constraint for electric vehicles? Journal of Industrial Ecology 15: 760-775. DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00359.x Kesler, Stephen; Gruber, Paul; Medina, Pablo et al. (2012) Global lithium resources: Relative importance of pegmatite, brine and other deposits. Ore Geology Reviews 48: 55-69. DOI: 10.1016/j.oregeorev.2012.05.006 Kushnir, Duncan; Sanden, Bjorn. (2012) The time dimension and lithium resource constraints for electric vehicles. Resources Policy 1: 93-103. DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2011.11.003 U.S. Geological Survey, 2021, Mineral commodity summaries 2021: U.S. Geological Survey, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2021. U.S. Geological Survey, 2020, Mineral commodity summaries 2020: U.S. Geological Survey, 200 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ mcs2020. “California Governor Signs Order Banning Sales of New Gasoline Cars By 2035.” Npr, 23 Sept. 2020, www.npr.org/2020/09/23/916209659/california-governor-signs-order-banning-sales-of-new-gasoline-cars-by-2035. Shepardson, David. “Biden Vows to Replace U.S. Government Fleet with Electric Vehicles.” U.S., 26 Jan. 2021, www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-biden-autos/biden-vows-to-replace-u-s-government-fleet-with-electric-vehicles-idUSKBN29U2LW. “BNEF EVO Report 2020 | BloombergNEF | Bloomberg Finance LP.” BloombergNEF, 8 July 2020, about.bnef.com/electric-vehicle-outlook. “Lithium.” Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium “Brine.” Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brine Bradley, Dwight, Munk, LeeAnn, Jochens, Hillary, Hynek, Scott, and Labay, Keith, 2013, A preliminary deposit model for lithium brines: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1006, 6 p. https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1006/OF13-1006.pdf Katwala, Amit. “The Spiralling Environmental Cost of Our Lithium Battery Addiction.” WIRED UK, 3 Aug. 2018, www.wired.co.uk/article/lithium-batteries-environment-impact Ahmad, Samar. “The Lithium Triangle: Where Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia Meet.” Harvard International Review, 18 Jan. 2020, hir.harvard.edu/lithium-triangle. Rapier, Robert. “The World’s Top Lithium Producers.” Forbes, 14 Dec. 2020, www.forbes.com/sites/rrapier/2020/12/13/the-worlds-top-lithium-producers/?sh=55369b7a5bc6. Figures Pie Graph – year 2000 modified after figure 49 in roskill (2019). Roskill (2019) Lithium: Outlook to 2028. Roskill Reports on Metals and Minerals 16th Edition. Roskill Information Services Ltd, 501 pp Pie Graph – year 2019 Lithium Outlook to 2030, 17th Edition https://roskill.com/market-report/lithium/ Graph of forecasts of world demand for lithium by first use over the decade 2018–2028, Modified from Roskill 2019 Annual electric vehicle sales worldwide https://theicct.org/blogs/staff/second-million-electric-vehicles World map showing the locations of dated LCT and NYF pegmatites: McCauley, A, Bradley, D (2014) The global age distribution of granitic pegmatites. The Canadian Mineralogist, doi: 10.3749/canmin.52.2.183 Current lithium pegmatite mines: Bowell 2020 Map made in mapbox.com #lilthium#gss#materials#newtech